head and neck cancer cell lines fadu  (SAS institute)

Journal: International Journal of Biological Sciences

Article Title: Oncogenic RARγ isoforms promote head and neck cancer proliferation through vinexin-β-mediated cell cycle acceleration and autocrine activation of EGFR signal

doi: 10.7150/ijbs.100351

Figure Lengend Snippet: Expression of RARγ isoforms in head and neck cancer (HNC) tissues and various cell lines. (a) Schematic illustration showing the cDNA structure of the five RARγ isoforms. Arrows indicate primer pairs designed to detect the expression of each RARγ isoform. (b) The mRNA expression of RARγ isoforms in HOK (primary human normal oral keratinocytes), SG (immortalized human oral keratinocytes), DOK (dysplstic human oral keratinocytes) and various HNC cell lines (FaDu, HSC3, OC3, OECM1, SAS). (c) Representative RT-PCR results of RARγ isoform detection in oral squamous carcinomas (OSCC) (T) and their corresponding adjacent non-tumor epithelia (N). (d) The relative abundance of each RARγ isoform in the 20 pairs of OSCC (T) and their adjacent non-tumor epithelia (N). (e) Confocal microscopic study to reveal the localization of RARγ1, RARγ2, flag-tagged RARγ4 and all RARγs in HNC cells (RARγ1, RARγ4-flag and all RARγs in red fluorescence; RARγ2 in green fluorescence; Nuclei were stained blue with DAPI). Scale bar: 10 μm. (f) Representative immunohistochemical (IHC) study conducted on expression and localization of RAR γ 1, RAR γ 2 in normal epithelia (upper panel), adjacent non-tumor epithelia of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) (middle panel), and OSCC tumors (lower panel). Scale bar: 100 μm (upper and middle panel); 50 μm (lower panel) (g) Expression patterns of RARγ isoforms in various types of human cancer, and immortalized non-cancer cell lines (MCF10A, Z183A, and Z172).

Article Snippet: Figure b demonstrates the expression patterns of the five RARγ isoforms in normal human oral keratinocytes (HOK), immortalized oral keratinocytes (SG), dysplastic oral keratinocytes (DOK), and head and neck cancer cell lines (FaDu, HSC3, OC3, OECM1, SAS).

Techniques: Expressing, Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction, Fluorescence, Staining, Immunohistochemical staining

Journal: International Journal of Biological Sciences

Article Title: Oncogenic RARγ isoforms promote head and neck cancer proliferation through vinexin-β-mediated cell cycle acceleration and autocrine activation of EGFR signal

doi: 10.7150/ijbs.100351

Figure Lengend Snippet: Role of RARγ isoforms in growth-modulation of HNC cells. (a) Proliferation assays showing the growth-modulation effects of RAR γ isoforms in SG, DOK, FaDu, SAS and OC3 cells. (b) Schematic illustration showing the protein structures of RAR γ 1, 2, 4, 5. Four distinct domain structures are noted in RAR γ , including an AF-1 domain, a DNA-bindin domain (DBD), a ligand-binding domain (LBD), and a C-terminal AF-2 domain. The AF-1 domain of RAR γ 1, 2, 4 contains a proline-rich area with two phospho-regulatory serine residues. Another phospho-regulatory serine residue is located at the LBD (Ser 299 of RAR γ 4). (c) Phospho-defective Ser 7 (RARγ4-S7A) suppressed RAR γ 4-mediated growth-promotion of FaDu and SAS cells. (d) The effect of phospho-mimic Ser 7 (RAR γ 4-S7E) on HNC cell proliferation. (e) The phosphorylation status of Ser 299 did not impact RAR γ 4-mediated proliferation of FaDu and SAS cells. (f) RAR γ 4-enhanced HNC proliferation is RA-dependent. Mutation of the RA-binding pocket (RAR γ 4-R324G) significantly impaired RA binding and attenuated RAR γ 4-mediated growth promotion in FaDu and SAS cells. (g) Nude mice inoculated subcutaneously with SAS-RAR γ 4, SAS-RAR γ 4-S7A, SAS-RAR γ 4-R324G, or vector control (n = 8). Tumor volumes were measured twice a week. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Figure b demonstrates the expression patterns of the five RARγ isoforms in normal human oral keratinocytes (HOK), immortalized oral keratinocytes (SG), dysplastic oral keratinocytes (DOK), and head and neck cancer cell lines (FaDu, HSC3, OC3, OECM1, SAS).

Techniques: Ligand Binding Assay, Residue, Mutagenesis, Binding Assay, Plasmid Preparation, Control

Journal: Genome Biology

Article Title: METTL4-mediated nuclear N6-deoxyadenosine methylation promotes metastasis through activating multiple metastasis-inducing targets

doi: 10.1186/s13059-022-02819-3

Figure Lengend Snippet: Increase in the nuclear 6mA levels through nuclear activation of METTL4 expression under hypoxia. a An increase in nuclear 6mA levels was observed in BFTC909 and FADU cells under hypoxia (see “Methods”). The collected results were summarized as the ratios of 6mA/dA in the bar graph (lower panel). Corresponding 6mA dot blots with methyl blue loading controls are shown together with bar graphs. N, normoxia; H, hypoxia. Normoxic condition was used as a control. b Immunofluorescence staining shows the increased nuclear staining of 6mA in FADU cells under hypoxia. Staining of cell nuclei by DAPI and mitochondria by MitoTracker was used as controls. Bar graph indicated the percentage of cells containing nuclear 6mA signals. c Detected 6mA and dA in METTL4-induced gDNAs were verified by product ion conformation spectra (PICS) fit to the spectrum generated from each standard. Parental ion of 6mA was m/z 266 with major daughter ion m/z 150. Parental ion of dA was m/z 252 with major daughter ion m/z 136. d Western blot analysis shows the more prominent nuclear activation of METTL4 levels through nuclear fractionation in two different cell lines. Histone H3 and GAPDH was used as a nuclear and cytoplasmic control, respectively. e Immunofluorescence staining shows the increased nuclear METTL4 expression in cells under hypoxia in BFTC909 and FADU cells. Mitotracker: mitochondria DNA. Cell nuclei were stained by DAPI. f Knockdown of METTL4 abolished the increase in nuclear 6mA levels induced by hypoxia in BFTC909 and FADU cells. Corresponding 6mA dot blots are shown. g In vitro DNA methylation assays show an increase in the 6mA levels by incubating METTL4 with genomic DNAs from BFTC909 or FADU cells. The METTL4 mutant and incubation without SAM were used as controls. Corresponding 6mA dot blots are shown. N, normoxia; H, hypoxia. Normoxic condition was used as a control. The asterisk (*) indicated statistical significance ( P <0.05) between experimental and control groups

Article Snippet: The human head and neck cancer (FADU) and renal pelvis transitional cancer (BFTC909) cell lines were obtained from the Bioresource Collection and Research Center (BCRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan).

Techniques: Activation Assay, Expressing, Control, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Generated, Western Blot, Fractionation, Knockdown, In Vitro, DNA Methylation Assay, Mutagenesis, Incubation

Journal: Genome Biology

Article Title: METTL4-mediated nuclear N6-deoxyadenosine methylation promotes metastasis through activating multiple metastasis-inducing targets

doi: 10.1186/s13059-022-02819-3

Figure Lengend Snippet: METTL4 is essential in hypoxia-induced EMT and in vitro / in vivo metastatic activity. a Overexpression of METTL4 induced EMT in BFTC909 and FADU cells by Western blot analysis. The cell clone transfected with the control vector was used as a control. b Knockdown of METTL4 reversed the expression of EMT markers regulated by hypoxia in BFTC909 and FADU cells. c Overexpression of METTL4 induced the expression of a set of EMT transcriptional regulators and knockdown of METTL4 abolished the activation of these EMT regulators induced by hypoxia. d Overexpression of METTL4 induced increased numbers of metastatic lung nodules in mice in tail vein and orthotopic implantation experiments. Representative gross anatomy and histology are shown on the left; measurement of metastatic lung nodules is shown on the right. e Knockdown of METTL4 significantly decreased the increased metastatic lung nodules in mice injected with cells overexpressing a HIF-1α constitutively active mutant. Representative gross anatomy and histology are shown on the left; measurement of metastatic lung nodules is shown on the right. f Hypoxic tumor cells sorted from xenografted tumors from BFTC909 and FADU cells show the increased HIF-1α and METTL4 protein levels together with increased HIF-1α target gene expression. Glut1 activation was used as a positive control. N, normoxia; H, hypoxia. Normoxic cells were used as a control. g Hypoxic tumor cells sorted from xenografted tumors from BFTC909 and FADU cells show an increase in the 6mA levels. Corresponding 6mA dot blots with methyl blue loading controls are shown together with bar graphs. N, normoxia; H, hypoxia. h Immunofluorescence staining shows the co-staining of 6mA and METTL4 in xenografted tumors from BFTC909, FADU, and KTCC28M cells. Green fluorescence: 6mA staining (RNase treatment); red fluorescence: METTL4 staining. Cell nuclei were stained by DAPI. H, highly colocalized area; L, less colocalized area. The asterisk (*) indicated statistical significance ( P <0.05) between experimental and control groups

Article Snippet: The human head and neck cancer (FADU) and renal pelvis transitional cancer (BFTC909) cell lines were obtained from the Bioresource Collection and Research Center (BCRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan).

Techniques: In Vitro, In Vivo, Activity Assay, Over Expression, Western Blot, Transfection, Control, Plasmid Preparation, Knockdown, Expressing, Activation Assay, Injection, Mutagenesis, Targeted Gene Expression, Positive Control, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Fluorescence

Journal: Genome Biology

Article Title: METTL4-mediated nuclear N6-deoxyadenosine methylation promotes metastasis through activating multiple metastasis-inducing targets

doi: 10.1186/s13059-022-02819-3

Figure Lengend Snippet: The essential role of the enzymatic activity of METTL4 in hypoxia-induced phenotypes and clinical implications. a Mutation of the enzymatic site of METTL4 by a prime-cutting CRISPR-Cas9 approach in BFTC909 cells abolished the induction of EMT by hypoxia and significantly decreased the RNA expression of RP11-390F4.3 and Glut1 . The induction of 6mA levels was abolished in enzymatically inactive METTL4 mutant BFTC909 cells. N, normoxia; H, hypoxia. The normoxic condition for METTL4 wild type BFTC909 cells was used as a control. A corresponding 6mA dot blot with methyl blue loading control is shown together with the bar graph. The asterisk (*) indicated statistical significance ( P <0.05) between experimental and control groups. b Immunofluorescence staining shows the abolishment of EMT induction by hypoxia in the enzymatically inactive METTL4 mutant FADU and BFTC909 cells. Green fluorescence represented staining of E-cadherin; red fluorescence represented staining of vimentin. Cell nuclei were stained by DAPI. N, normoxia; H, hypoxia. The normoxic condition for METTL4 wild type BFTC909 and FADU cells were used as a control. c Increased 6mA levels in UTUC, but not in bladder cancer (BC), patient samples. d Increased METTL4, 6mA, and HIF-1α levels by immunohistochemistry staining in the tumor part (T) (vs. the normal part (N)) of UTUC patient samples are shown by H-score measurement. The error bars represented the standard deviation (SD). Student’s t test was used to compare two groups of independent samples. e A representative case of immunohistochemistry staining of UTUC patient samples using antibodies against METTL4, 6mA, and HIF-1α between normal and tumor tissues. f Co-expression of METTL4 and 6mA predicted a poor prognosis of UTUC patients in either overall survival or disease-free survival by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Subgroup analysis of overall survival and disease-free survival of UTUC cases according to the expression profile of METTL4 low/6mA low (Group 1), METTL4 high/6mA high (Group 2), and others (Group 3) in tumors. P values of the comparison between each group are shown

Article Snippet: The human head and neck cancer (FADU) and renal pelvis transitional cancer (BFTC909) cell lines were obtained from the Bioresource Collection and Research Center (BCRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan).

Techniques: Activity Assay, Mutagenesis, CRISPR, RNA Expression, Control, Dot Blot, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Fluorescence, Immunohistochemistry, Standard Deviation, Expressing, Comparison

Journal: Genome Biology

Article Title: METTL4-mediated nuclear N6-deoxyadenosine methylation promotes metastasis through activating multiple metastasis-inducing targets

doi: 10.1186/s13059-022-02819-3

Figure Lengend Snippet: Analysis of RNA-seq and 6mA-ChIP-exo-seq datasets shows hypoxia/METTL4 co-regulated genes and 6mA signals-regulated genes. a The expression heatmap of EMT-related genes in FADU and BFTC909 cells, whose expression increased under hypoxia and decreased in the hypoxic status undergoing METTL4 knockdown. b Venn diagram shows the overlapping set of genes ( n =220) co-regulated by hypoxia and METTL4 through overlapping of upregulated genes under hypoxia and downregulated genes in the hypoxic status undergoing METTL4 knockdown in both FADU and BFTC909 cells. c Pie chart shows the different percentage of hypoxia and METTL4 co-regulated genes according to the classification of gene feature (protein coding, 75%; lncRNA, 15%; others, 10%). d KEGG analysis shows the top 10 enriched pathways in the class of protein-coding genes co-regulated by hypoxia and METTL4. e Heatmap shows the expression of top ten lncRNAs co-regulated by hypoxia and METTL4 using RNA-seq datasets from FADU cells. f Western blot analysis shows that overexpression of lncRNA RP11-390F4.3 activated a set of EMT transcriptional regulators. g Pie chart shows the annotation of hypoxia-induced/METTL4 dependent gain-of-6mA regions located in different genomic regions. h LncRNA RP11-390F4.3 was used as an example of hypoxia-induced/METTL4-dependent 6mA regulated gene that contained hypoxia-induced/METTL4-dependent 6mA signals on its promoter region. Different 6mA motifs were calculated by HOMER. Only motif-10 was indicated on the lncRNA RP11-390F4.3 promoter. A magnified window around the motif-10 area from 3 gene tracks is shown. Y -axis denotes the scale of the number of reads

Article Snippet: The human head and neck cancer (FADU) and renal pelvis transitional cancer (BFTC909) cell lines were obtained from the Bioresource Collection and Research Center (BCRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan).

Techniques: RNA Sequencing, Expressing, Knockdown, Western Blot, Over Expression

Journal: Genome Biology

Article Title: METTL4-mediated nuclear N6-deoxyadenosine methylation promotes metastasis through activating multiple metastasis-inducing targets

doi: 10.1186/s13059-022-02819-3

Figure Lengend Snippet: Characterizations of lncRNA RP11-390F4.3 using different in vitro and in vivo metastatic assays. a Immunofluorescence staining shows the nuclear localization of lncRNA RP11-390F4.3. Cell nuclei were stained by DAPI. b Measurement of the copy number of lncRNA RP11-390F4.3 in FADU cells (normoxia vs. hypoxia). Titration standard curve was used for measurement of the copy number of lncRNA RP11-390F4.3 per 500,000 cells. The red point represents the qRT-PCR value from a standard sample of 500,000 FADU cells under hypoxia. c Knockdown of lncRNA RP11-390F4.3 significantly decreased the induction of various HIF-1α target genes using qRT-PCR analysis. Knockdown using the scrambled control siRNA was used as a control. N, normoxia; H, hypoxia. The asterisk (*) indicated statistical significance ( P <0.05) between experimental and control clones ( n =3). d qChIRP assays show the significantly decreased lncRNA RP11-390F4.3 binding to the promoter regions of EMT regulators and Glut1 gene in hypoxic FADU cells under knockdown of lncRNA RP11-390F4.3 vs. the hypoxic control knockdown cells. e Heatmap analysis of the EMT transcription regulator genes induced by lncRNA RP11-390F4.3 or METTL4 overexpression using RNA-seq datasets. f Western blot analysis shows that knockdown of lncRNA RP11-390F4.3 abolished the EMT phenotypes induced by METTL4 overexpression in FADU and BFTC909 cells. g Overexpression of lncRNA RP11-390F4.3 in BFTC909 cells significantly increased metastatic lung nodules in mice after injection of these cells into mice. Representative gross anatomy and histology are shown on the left, and measurement of metastatic lung nodules is shown on the right. BFTC control-transfected clone was used as a control. h Knockdown of lncRNA RP11-390F4.3 in BFTC909 cells overexpressing METTL4 significantly decreased the metastatic lung nodules in mice. Representative gross anatomy and histology are shown on the left, and measurement of metastatic lung nodules is shown on the right. BFTC control-transfected clone was used as a control. The asterisk (*) indicates statistical significance ( P <0.05) between experimental and control groups

Article Snippet: The human head and neck cancer (FADU) and renal pelvis transitional cancer (BFTC909) cell lines were obtained from the Bioresource Collection and Research Center (BCRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan).

Techniques: In Vitro, In Vivo, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Titration, Quantitative RT-PCR, Knockdown, Control, Clone Assay, Binding Assay, Over Expression, RNA Sequencing, Western Blot, Injection, Transfection

Journal: Genome Biology

Article Title: METTL4-mediated nuclear N6-deoxyadenosine methylation promotes metastasis through activating multiple metastasis-inducing targets

doi: 10.1186/s13059-022-02819-3

Figure Lengend Snippet: Characterizations of ZMIZ1 and synergistic activation by HIF-1α and Jumu using different in vitro assays. a Co-IP assays show the interaction between HIF-1α, ZMIZ1, and CBP. IgG was used as a control. b ChIP-re-ChIP assays show that ZMIZ1 could be pulled down after HIF-1α IP. N, normoxia; H, hypoxia. No antibody/normoxia condition was used as a control. c Knockdown of ZMIZ1 decreased the induction of various HIF-1α target genes. Knockdown using the scrambled control siRNA was used as a control. N, normoxia; H, hypoxia. d Knockdown of ZMIZ1 decreased the in vitro migration and invasion activity induced by hypoxia in FADU and BFTC909 cell lines. N, normoxia; H, hypoxia. Normoxic condition was used as a control. e Reporter gene assays show that the 6mA site pre-methylated RP11-390F4.3 promoter-driven reporter construct has higher luciferase activities compared to the unmethylated reporter construct after co-transfection with a HIF-1α expression vector. The positions of the 6mA consensus sequence and the HIF-1α response element are shown in the upper part of the panel. The luciferase/renilla activities of FADU cells co-transfected with reporter construct and pcDNA3 control vector were used as the baseline control. The amounts of plasmids transfected inside cells are shown in agarose gels. f Reporter gene assays show that HIF-1α and Jumu (a Drosophila 6mA-binding protein) synergistically activated the lncRNA RP11-390F4.3 promoter-driven reporter construct in which its 6mA site on the promoter was pre-methylated. The upper part of the panel shows the positions of the 6mA consensus sequence and the consensus HRE on the RP11-390F4.3 promoter. The controls were the same as in e . g DNA EMSA assays show the cooperative binding between HIF-1α and Jumu when the oligonucleotides containing the 6mA consensus sequence were in vitro methylated. The positions of the free probe and of the protein complexes are indicated on the left. The asterisk (*) indicates statistical significance ( P <0.05) between experimental and control groups

Article Snippet: The human head and neck cancer (FADU) and renal pelvis transitional cancer (BFTC909) cell lines were obtained from the Bioresource Collection and Research Center (BCRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan).

Techniques: Activation Assay, In Vitro, Co-Immunoprecipitation Assay, Control, Knockdown, Migration, Activity Assay, Methylation, Construct, Luciferase, Cotransfection, Expressing, Plasmid Preparation, Sequencing, Transfection, Binding Assay

Journal: International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics

Article Title: High Resolution pO 2 Imaging Improves Quantification of the Hypoxic Fraction in Tumors during Radiotherapy

doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.09.046

Figure Lengend Snippet: Assessment of oxygen parameter changes during hypofractionated radiotherapy in MDA-MB-231 and FaDu tumors with two spatial resolutions. (A and B) The pO2 maps hypoxic maps, and pO2 histograms for 0.2 mm (A), and 3 mm (B) spatial resolutions. (C and D) Estimated median pO2 values and (C and D) hypoxic fractions for 0.2mm (left) and 3mm (right) resolutions. A paired t-test was used for statistical analysis (n = 6). *P < 0.01, **P < 0.0001. Boxplot shows median and interquartile range, whiskers indicate the range.

Article Snippet: The human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 and human head neck cancer cell line Fadu cells were purchased directly from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas Virginia), and they are not listed in the ICLAC database of cross-contaminated or misidentified cell lines.

Techniques:

Journal: American Journal of Cancer Research

Article Title: Induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by hypoxia-induced lncRNA RP11-367G18.1 through regulating the histone 4 lysine 16 acetylation (H4K16Ac) mark

doi:

Figure Lengend Snippet: Annotation of lncRNA RP11-367G18.1 and overexpression of lncRNA RP11-367G18.1 V2 version induced the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and increased the in vitro migration/invasion activity. (A) Annotation of lncRNA RP11-367G18.1 showed that there are two versions. (B, C) Overexpression of lncRNA RP11-367G18.1 V2 version in FADU (B) or MCF7 (C) cells induced the EMT. (D) Overexpression of lncRNA RP11-367G18.1 V2 version increased the in vitro migration/invasion activity in two different cell lines. Migration and invasion assays were performed in Transwell inserts for 12 or 20 h, respectively. The asterisk (*) indicated statistical significance (P<0.05) between experimental and control clones.

Article Snippet: Human head and neck cancer cell line FADU, breast cancer cell lines MCF7 and MDA-MB-231, and cervical adenocarcinoma cell line HeLa were obtained from the Bioresource Collection and Research Center (BCRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan).

Techniques: Over Expression, In Vitro, Migration, Activity Assay, Control, Clone Assay